EFFECTS OF MULTICOMPONENT TRAINING ON THE FUNCTIONAL AUTONOMY OF OLDER ADULTS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63330/sasciencesv6n2-242Keywords:
Functional autonomy, Functional capacity, Multicomponent training, Older adults, Physical exerciseAbstract
Aging can compromise physical abilities essential for independently performing daily activities. This study aimed to analyze the effects of multicomponent training on functional autonomy in older adults, considering different intervention modalities and settings. An integrative literature review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, the Virtual Health Library, and SciELO databases. Search terms addressed older adults, multicomponent training, and functional outcomes. Initially, 225 records were identified, of which 15 original studies were included after applying eligibility criteria. Interventions primarily combined strength, balance, endurance, coordination, flexibility, and aerobic exercises, with variations in duration, frequency, and progression. The findings indicated predominantly favorable improvements in functional capacity, muscle strength, balance, mobility, gait, and physical performance, including among frail and institutionalized older adults with different clinical conditions and functional limitations. However, benefits were not consistent across all outcomes, and some studies reported no significant improvements in independence during daily activities or fall-related indicators. Partial reductions in functional gains were also observed following periods of detraining. Heterogeneity in intervention protocols, participant characteristics, and assessment instruments limited direct comparisons and prevented the identification of an optimal training configuration. Overall, multicomponent training appears beneficial for improving physical abilities that support functional autonomy in older adults. Nevertheless, evidence regarding its direct effects on independence in everyday activities remains limited. Further investigations should incorporate specific measures of autonomy, longer follow-up periods, and detailed descriptions of training protocols to determine whether improvements in physical performance translate into meaningful independence in daily life and sustained functional benefits throughout the aging process.
Downloads
References
ALOWAYDHAH, S.; WEERASEKARA, I.; WALMSLEY, S.; MARQUEZ, J. Physical exercise for healthy older adults and those with frailty: what exercise is best and is there a difference? A systematic review and meta-analyses. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research, v. 2024, art. 5639004, 2024. DOI: 10.1155/2024/5639004.
BOUAZIZ, W.; LANG, P. O.; SCHMITT, E.; KALTENBACH, G.; GENY, B.; VOGEL, T. Health benefits of multicomponent training programmes in seniors: a systematic review. International Journal of Clinical Practice, v. 70, n. 7, p. 520–536, 2016. DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12822.
COURTAY-BREUIL, A.; DELAIRE, L.; HUMBLOT, J. et al. Influence of a multicomponent exercise intervention on fear of falling and gait parameters in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective study. BMC Geriatrics, v. 25, art. 668, 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-025-06257-1.
FERNÁNDEZ-GARCÍA, Á. I.; MORADELL, A.; NAVARRETE-VILLANUEVA, D. et al. Effects of multicomponent training followed by a detraining period on frailty level and functional capacity of older adults with or at risk of frailty: results of 10-month quasi-experimental study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 19, n. 19, art. 12417, 2022. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912417.
JOFRÉ-SALDÍA, E.; VILLALOBOS-GORIGOITÍA, Á.; COFRÉ-BOLADOS, C.; FERRARI, G.; GEA-GARCÍA, G. M. Multicomponent training in progressive phases improves functional capacity, physical capacity, quality of life, and exercise motivation in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 20, n. 3, art. 2755, 2023. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032755.
LABATA-LEZAUN, N.; CANET-VINTRÓ, M.; LÓPEZ-DE-CELIS, C. et al. Effectiveness of a multicomponent training program on physical performance and muscle quality in older adults: a quasi-experimental study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 20, n. 1, art. 222, 2022. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010222.
LEITÃO, L. et al. Multicomponent exercise program for improvement of functional capacity and lipidic profile of older women with high cholesterol and high triglycerides. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 18, n. 20, art. 10731, 2021. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010731.
LI, Y.; LI, S.; WENG, X. et al. Effects of the Vivifrail-B multicomponent exercise program based on society ecosystems theory on physical function in community-dwelling frail older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Experimental Gerontology, v. 200, art. 112670, 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112670.
LÓPEZ-GARCÍA, M.; JIMÉNEZ-REJANO, J. J.; SUÁREZ-SERRANO, C. M. Telerehabilitation: vestibular physiotherapy vs. multicomponent exercise for functional improvement in older adults: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, v. 13, n. 14, art. 4279, 2024. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144279.
LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ, S.; ABUÍN-PORRAS, V.; BERLANGA, L. A. et al. Functional mobility and physical fitness are improved through a multicomponent training program in institutionalized older adults. GeroScience, v. 46, n. 1, p. 1201–1209, 2024. DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00877-4.
MEEREIS-LEMOS, E. C. W.; GUADAGNIN, E. C.; MOTA, C. B. Influência do treinamento de força e de multicomponentes na funcionalidade de idosos: revisão sistemática e metanálise. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, v. 22, e60707, 2020. DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2020v22e60707.
MENDES, K. D. S.; SILVEIRA, R. C. C. P.; GALVÃO, C. M. Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem. Texto & Contexto – Enfermagem, v. 17, n. 4, p. 758–764, 2008. DOI: 10.1590/S0104-07072008000400018.
O'CONNOR, A. M.; ANDERSON, K. M.; GOODELL, C. K.; SARGEANT, J. M. Conducting systematic reviews of intervention questions I: writing the review protocol, formulating the question and searching the literature. Zoonoses and Public Health, v. 61, supl. 1, p. 28–38, 2014. DOI: 10.1111/zph.12125.
PAGE, M. J.; MCKENZIE, J. E.; BOSSUYT, P. M. et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, v. 372, n. 71, 2021. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n71.
PÉREZ-GÓMEZ, J.; REDONDO, P. C.; NAVARRETE-VILLANUEVA, D. et al. New evidence on regucalcin, body composition, and walking ability adaptations to multicomponent exercise training in functionally limited and frail older adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 19, n. 1, art. 363, 2021. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010363.
POLI, L.; MAURI, C.; FISCHETTI, F.; GRECO, G.; CATALDI, S. Effects of traditional versus isometric-integrated multicomponent training on cardiovascular health, physical function, quality of life and motivation in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Journal of Sports Sciences, v. 44, n. 12, p. 1565–1580, 2026. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2026.2673235.
RODRIGUES, F.; JACINTO, M.; ANTUNES, R.; MONTEIRO, D.; MENDES, D.; MATOS, R.; AMARO, N. Comparing the effects of multicomponent and concurrent exercise protocols on muscle strength in older adults. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, v. 9, n. 1, art. 3, 2023. DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9010003.
SADAQA, M. et al. Multicomponent exercise intervention for preventing falls and improving physical functioning in older nursing home residents: a single-blinded pilot randomised controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, v. 13, n. 6, art. 1577, 2024. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13061577.
SCHNEIDER, A.; LEITE, L. B.; TEIXEIRA, J.; FORTE, P.; BARBOSA, T. M.; MONTEIRO, A. M. Multicomponent exercise and functional fitness: strategies for fall prevention in aging women. Sports, v. 13, n. 6, art. 159, 2025. DOI: 10.3390/sports13060159.
SEDAGHATI, P.; GOUDARZIAN, M.; AHMADABADI, S.; TABATABAI-ASL, S. M. The impact of a multicomponent-functional training with postural correction on functional balance in the elderly with a history of falling. Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics, v. 9, art. 23, 2022. DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00459-x.
SOBRINHO, A. C. S.; ALMEIDA, M. L.; RODRIGUES, G. S.; BERTANI, R. F.; LIMA, J. G. R.; BUENO JUNIOR, C. R. Stretching and multicomponent training to functional capacities of older women: a randomized study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 19, n. 1, art. 27, 2021. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010027.
SOUZA, M. T.; SILVA, M. D.; CARVALHO, R. Revisão integrativa: o que é e como fazer. Einstein (São Paulo), v. 8, n. 1, p. 102–106, 2010. DOI: 10.1590/S1679-45082010RW1134.
SPECKMAN, R. A.; FRIEDLY, J. L. Asking structured, answerable clinical questions using the population, intervention/comparator, outcome (PICO) framework. PM&R, v. 11, n. 5, p. 548–553, 2019. DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12116.
TOOSI, M.; DANESHMANDI, H.; MOTTAGHITALAB, M.; ZAREI, H. The effects of multicomponent training on functional fitness in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, p. 1–19, 2026. DOI: 10.1123/japa.2025-0070.
WHITTEMORE, R.; KNAFL, K. The integrative review: updated methodology. Journal of Advanced Nursing, v. 52, n. 5, p. 546–553, 2005. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2020.
YANG, X.; LI, S.; XU, L. et al. Effects of multicomponent exercise on frailty status and physical function in frail older adults: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Experimental Gerontology, v. 197, art. 112604, 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112604.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Autores concordam com os seguintes termos:
a) Os autores mantêm os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a LicençaAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International, que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial na Revista SAS. A licença permite o uso, a distribuição e a reprodução irrestrita, em qualquer meio, desde que devidamente citada a fonte. Essa licença permite também que outros remixem, adaptem e criem a partir do seu trabalho para fins não comerciais, desde que atribuam a você o devido crédito e que licenciem as novas criações sob termos idênticos.
b) Não cabe aos autores compensação financeira a qualquer título, por artigos ou resenhas publicados na South American Sciences.
c) Os conceitos expressos nos artigos publicados na South American Sciences são de inteira responsabilidade de seus autores.
