ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN HOSPITALIZED ADULTS: RISK FACTORS, EARLY RECOGNITION, AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES

Authors

  • Rafaella Yokota Guedes
  • Amanda Estéphane da Costa Pinto
  • Carlos Humberto de Sousa Neto
  • Nathalia da Mata Cardoso
  • Frederico Souza Silva
  • Luísa Hansel Michelotti
  • Gabriel Lino Martins Ferreira
  • Vítor Morais Machado
  • Karine Harumi de Castro Shimasaki
  • Antônio Lino Gama de Souza

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63330/sasciencesv6n2-240

Keywords:

Acute kidney injury, Disease prevention, Early diagnosis, Hospitalization, Risk factors

Abstract

Acute kidney injury in hospitalized adults is a syndrome with a multifactorial etiology, associated with complications during hospitalization and adverse kidney health outcomes after discharge. This study is a narrative literature review that aims to analyze risk factors, approaches to early recognition, and strategies to prevent its occurrence and progression. The methodology involved targeted electronic searches for publications indexed in PubMed and documents available on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes website and scientific journal websites, followed by a qualitative synthesis of observational studies, clinical trials, guidelines, and consensus statements. The analysis identified an interaction between preexisting vulnerabilities and hospital exposures, highlighting chronic kidney disease, advanced age, sepsis, hemodynamic instability, and nephrotoxic agents. It also emphasized the importance of serial monitoring of serum creatinine and urine output and the potential complementary role of biomarkers in selected settings. Regarding prevention, the review found heterogeneous results: care bundles reduced moderate and severe forms of acute kidney injury in selected patients following cardiac surgery, whereas individualized recommendations following alerts did not demonstrate a benefit in the primary clinical outcome. The study concludes that kidney protection requires the integration of risk assessment, timely recognition, and context-specific clinical responses, considering the limitations of the evidence and continuity of care after discharge.

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References

AKLILU, Abinet M. et al. Early, individualized recommendations for hospitalized patients with acute kidney injury: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, v. 332, n. 24, p. 2081–2090, 2024. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.22718. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.22718. Acesso em: 8 out. 2026.

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ZARBOCK, Alexander et al. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: consensus report of the 28th Acute Disease Quality Initiative workgroup. Nature Reviews Nephrology, v. 19, n. 6, p. 401–417, 2023. DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00683-3. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-023-00683-3. Acesso em: 8 out. 2026.

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Published

2026-10-20

How to Cite

Guedes, R. Y. ., Pinto, A. E. da C. ., de Sousa Neto, C. H. ., Cardoso, N. da M. ., Silva, F. S. ., Michelotti, L. H. ., Ferreira, G. L. M. ., Machado, V. M. ., Shimasaki, K. H. de C. ., & de Souza, A. L. G. . (2026). ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN HOSPITALIZED ADULTS: RISK FACTORS, EARLY RECOGNITION, AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES . South American Sciences, 6(2), e26467. https://doi.org/10.63330/sasciencesv6n2-240

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): South American Sciences

Section

Artigos

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