RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERIODONTAL DISEASE, PERIODONTITIS, AND OBESITY: A NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63330/sasciencesv6n2-139Keywords:
Microbiota, Obesity, Periodontal disease, Periodontitis, Systemic inflammationAbstract
Obesity and periodontal disease are closely related, mainly due to shared inflammatory mechanisms that negatively affect oral health. Obesity is characterized by a state of low-grade chronic inflammation resulting from excessive adipose tissue, which releases pro-inflammatory cytokines and affects various body systems. This inflammatory state can exacerbate inflammation in the gums and periodontal tissues, leading to the destruction of tooth-supporting structures and increasing susceptibility to diseases such as periodontitis. Additionally, intestinal dysbiosis, frequently observed in obese individuals, directly influences the immune system by altering inflammatory responses and favoring the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity. Scientific evidence indicates that obesity, particularly visceral adiposity, plays a significant role not only in the development but also in the progression of periodontal diseases, highlighting the importance of weight management in their prevention and clinical management. Understanding the bidirectional relationship between obesity and periodontal disease is crucial for clinical practice, allowing healthcare professionals to adopt more integrated, multidisciplinary, and personalized approaches. This narrative review aims to comprehensively analyze and discuss this relationship, gathering recent scientific evidence to elucidate the mechanisms linking these conditions and to provide insights for improved patient care and therapeutic strategies.
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